“Science” and “Technology” are commonly used concepts that people are familiar with. In daily work and study life, they often do not care about the differences and connections. In fact, these two concepts are carefully investigated, and the meaning is different. The meaning is different.Essence
1. Definition
—— “Science” is a system that is based on testable interpretations and orderly knowledge that predicts the form of objective things, and is a systematic and formalized knowledge.The object is objective things, the content is systematic and formal scientific theory, and the form is language, including natural language and mathematical language.In fact, in a simple understanding, the keywords of science are “learning”, which is the knowledge system of nature, society, and thinking accumulated by human beings.
According to the areas of scientific reflection, science is divided into natural science, social science, thinking science, form science and interdisciplinary discipline.Modern science usually contains three main branches, namely: natural science (such as: biology, chemistry, and physics, etc.), studying the social sciences of individuals and society (such as economics, psychology, and sociology), and study abstract concepts of abstract conceptsForm science (such as logic, mathematics, and theoretical computer science).
However, whether formal science really constitutes a science is different because they do not rely on experience evidence.In addition, disciplines that use existing scientific knowledge in actual purposes such as engineering and medicine are called applied science.
—— “Science and Technology” is a collective name of “science” and “technology”, referred to as technology.The keywords should be “technical”, that is, technology, technology is based on scientific technology.Technology usually refers to various tools, equipment, technology and process systems composed of a certain purpose based on the principles of natural science and production practice, but does not include the technical content corresponding to the social science.
Science and technology can generally be divided into: information technology, biotechnology, new material technology, energy technology, laser technology, automation technology, aerospace technology, marine technology, and other technical fields.
Second, contact and difference
Science and technology are interdependent, penetrated, and transformed into each other, complement each other, and have inseparable connections.
First, science and technology are a social activity aimed at resolving the contradiction between man and natural contradictions.The fundamental purpose of the two is to meet the needs of human utilization, control, transformation, creation, and protection of nature.Scientific understanding is naturally a prerequisite for technological transformation, and technological transformation is naturally the ultimate goal of scientific understanding of nature.
Second, science and science and technology are closely related to the production of society.They are all produced in human production practice and can be attributed to the category of productive forces.Social material production needs are the direct driving force for technology and scientific development.According to Marx’s “science and technology is productive forces”, science and technology are determined by production, the whole of dialectical and unified, science is the theoretical guidance of technology, and technology is based on the theoretical basis of science and the results of development and research in combination with production.It is manifested as new technologies, new crafts, new varieties, new products, etc.
Third, the science and technology itself is motivated and conditional in the process of its development.Technology must rely on scientific progress in its development process, and this dependence is increasing with the development of science.The development of scientific development has guided the correct direction for the development of technological development, providing the theoretical foundation and the implementation of technological innovation.A breakthrough scientific achievement often produces a series of major new technologies.For example, electromagnetic theory for power technology, genetics for biological genetic engineering, and so on.The advanced development of science is the prerequisite for technological development, and the development of science also depends on the progress of technology to a greater extent.Technology is the practical use of science and has a huge reaction to science. New phenomena and new problems raised in the process of technology development can expand scientific research areas and provide necessary material support for scientific research.
The difference between them is summarized as the following aspects:
1. Different purpose tasks.Scientifically solving theoretical problems is a research activity of creating knowledge. What it solves is mainly to understand the world, to answer “what” and “why”; and technology is to solve practical problems. It is a method for inventing and creating operations.The skills and the corresponding material means are answering “what to do” and “how to do”.
2. Different expression forms.Science generally manifests as intellectual forms and theoretical forms; technology generally manifested as a materialized form, which can be directly applied to the material form.Scientifically provides materialization and technology provides materialization reality.
3. Different research objects.Science is discovered, exploring unknown activities, with the nature of free research; technology is to engage in invention and comprehensively use various knowledge to create and practice creation and practice.Science is the essence of the unknown in the phenomenon, and takes “understanding the subject” as its own responsibility; technology is an activity that has been sublimated and used for “transforming topics”.
4. Different management methods.Science emphasizes “how to work” and technology focuses on “how to work”.Science does not need to be confidential. Those who keep secret are technology.Advanced scientific discoveries are published first, but new technologies are absolutely confidential.Science does not have a commercial nature, cannot be sold and transferred, but new technology is high.Scientific progress, especially major breakthroughs, is often unpredictable, and technology is working in a relatively mature field, which can make more accurate plans.
5. Different evaluation standards.Scientific requirements are “deep” and technical requirements are “new”.The evaluation of science mainly depends on its creativity and truth. The evaluation of technology first depends on whether it is feasible and whether it can bring economic benefits.
6. Different productivity attributes.The role of science on the economy is implicit and indirect, not sure, and sometimes it takes a long time to play; the role of technology on the economy is more certain and the relationship is more direct.
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